TED | 超低成本的大学学位
| 简介
在网上人民大学（University of the People），任何一个有高中文凭的人都可以来选修课程并获得商业管理或者计算机科学等学科的学位——没有传统意义上的学费（虽然参加考试需要付费）。创始人沙伊·瑞希夫希望高等教育从少数的人的特权变为一种基本权利，让所有人的都能承担和获取。
| 音频 + 视频
| 中英对照演讲稿
向上滑动阅览
I would like to share with you a new model of higher education, a model that, once expanded,
我想和你们分享一种全新的高等教育模式，这一模式一旦发展起来，
can enhance the collective intelligence of millions of creative and motivated individuals
能提升数以百万计的有创造力和上进心的个人的集体智慧，
that otherwise would be left behind. Look at the world. Pick a place and focus on it.
而没有这一模式的话，这些人可能会被甩在后面，看看这个世界，任选一个地方并聚焦于此。
You will find humans chasing higher education. Let's meet some of them.
你会发现人们正在追寻高等教育。让我们来认识其中的一些人。
Patrick. Patrick was born in Liberia to a family of 20 children.
帕特里克，帕特里克出生于利比里亚一个有20个孩子的家庭。
During the civil war, he and his family were forced to flee to Nigeria.
在内战期间，他和他的家庭被迫逃离去尼日利亚。
There, in spite of his situation, he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
在那里，尽管处境恶劣，他依然以近乎满分的成绩从高中顺利毕业。
He wanted to continue to higher education, but due to his family living on the poverty line,
他想要继续接受高等教育，但是由于他的家庭生活在贫困线上，
he was soon sent to South Africa to work and send back money to feed his family.
他不久后被送至南非工作，寄钱回家供养他的家人。
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education. Late at night, after work, he surfed the net, looking for ways to study.
帕特里克从未放弃他的高等教育之梦。结束工作后的深夜里，他在网上寻找各种途径来学习。
Meet Debbie, Debbie is from Florida, her parents didn't go to college, and neither did any of her siblings.
来认识一下黛比，黛比来自佛罗里达，她的父母没有上过大学，她也没有兄弟姐妹。
Debbie has worked all her life, pays taxes, supports herself month to month, proud of the American dream,
黛比生活的全部就是工作，缴税，每月维持自己的生计，以美国梦为荣，
a dream that just won't be complete without higher education. But Debbie doesn't have the savings for higher education.
但是没有高等教育的话，这个梦并不完整，但是黛比没有足够的积蓄来负担高等教育。
She can't pay the tuition. Neither could she leave work.
她付不起学费，她也不能抛开工作。
Meet Wael. Wael is from Syria, he's experiencing firsthand the misery, fear and failure imposed on his country.
来认识一下瓦伊尔，瓦伊尔来自叙利亚，他正亲身感受着他的国家所遭受的痛苦、恐惧和失败。
He's a big believer in education. He knew that if he could find an opportunity for higher education, an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
他是教育的忠实信徒。他知道，如果他能找到接受高等教育的机会，一个能超过别人的机会，
he has a better chance to survive in a world turned upside down.
他就更有可能在一个颠倒混乱的世界里生存下来。
The higher education system failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael, exactly as it is failing millions of potential students millions that graduate high school,
高等教育体系辜负了帕特里克、黛比和瓦伊尔，正如它也辜负了数百万的潜在的学生——数百万的高中毕业生，
millions that are qualified for higher education, millions that want to study yet cannot access it for various reasons.
数百万有资格接受高等教育的学生，数百万想要学习却因为各种原因无法实现的学生。
First: financial. Universities are expensive; we all know it.
首先，经济上的原因，大学是昂贵的，我们都知道这一点。
In large parts of the world, higher education is unattainable for an average citizen.
在世界上的很多地方，对于普通民众来说，高等教育无法企及。
This is probably the biggest problem facing our society.
这个可能是我们社会所面临的最大的问题。
Higher education stopped being a right for all and became a privilege for the few.
高等教育不再是所有人的权力，而是成为一种少数人的特权。
Second: cultural. Students who are qualified for higher education can afford --
第二，文化上的原因。合格的、能负担得起的、
want to study -- cannot, because it is not decent, it is not a place for a woman.
想要学习的学生却无法得到高等教育，因为它不得体，它不是女人可以去的地方。
This is the story of countless women in Africa, for example, prevented from higher education because of cultural barriers.
比如在非洲，无数的女性由于文化上的阻隔而无法得到高等教育。
And here comes the third reason: UNESCO stated that in 2025, 100 million students will be deprived of higher education,
第三条原因：联合国教科文组织声明，到2025年，将有1亿学生被剥夺高等教育的机会，
simply because there will not be enough seats to accommodate them, to meet the demand.
仅仅是因为没有那么多的座位来容纳他们，来满足需求。
They will take a placement test, they will pass it, but they still won't have access, because there are no places available.
他们会参加程度测验，他们会通过测验，但是他们仍无法得到教育，因为没有足够的位置。
These are the reasons I founded University of the People, a nonprofit, tuition-free, degree-granting university to give an alternative,
由于这些的原因，我创办了人民大学，一所非盈利性的、免学费的、授予学位的大学它提供了另一种选择，
to create an alternative, to those who have no other; an alternative that will be affordable and scalable,
为那些没有其它选择的人创造了一种选择，一种价格合理的选择，一种可扩展的选择，
an alternative that will disrupt the current education system,
一种打破现行的教育体系的选择，
and open the gates to higher education for every qualified student regardless of what they earn, where they live, or what society says about them.
为每一位合格的学生打开高等教育的大门，不论他们的收入，不论他们身处何处，不论社会如何议论他们。
Patrick, Debbie and Wael are only three examples out of the 1,700 accepted students from 143 countries. Thank you.
帕特里克、黛比和瓦伊尔只是来自143个国家的1700位被录取的学生中的三个例子。谢谢。
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel. We just looked at what wasn't working and used the amazing power of the Internet to get around it.
我们不需要重新发明轮子。我们只是看到那些有问题的地方，并使用互联网的神奇力量来绕开问题。
We set out to build a model that will cut down almost entirely the cost of higher education.
我们着手建立一种模式，它将削减掉高等教育的绝大部分成本。
And that's how we did it. First, bricks and mortar cost money.
我们是这样做到的。首先，大楼需要花钱。
Universities have expenses that virtual universities don't. We don't need to pass these expenses on to our students.
大学有很多的开销是虚拟大学所没有的，我们不需要将这些开销转移到我们的学生头上。
They don't exist. We also don't need to worry about capacity.
这些开销不存在。我们也不需要担心可容纳的人数。
There are no limits of seats in virtual university. Actually, nobody needs to stand at the back of the lecture hall.
在虚拟大学里没有座位数的限制。事实上，没人需要站在讲堂的后面。
Textbooks are also something our students don't need to buy.
我们的学生也不需要购买课本。
By using open educational resources and the generosity of professors who are putting their material up free and accessible,
使用开放的教学资源以及教授们的慷慨馈赠，很多教授把他们的教学材料免费公开，
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks. All of our materials come free.
我们不需要让我们的学生去购买课本，我们所有的材料都是免费的。
Even professors, the most expensive line in any university balance sheet, come free to our students.
甚至是教授，任何大学的收支表上最昂贵的一项，也对我们的学生免费。
Over 3,000 of them, including presidents, vice chancellors, professors and academic advisers from top universities
我们有超过3000位教师，包括校长、副校长、教授和学术导师，他们来自顶尖的大学，
such as NYU, Yale, Berkeley and Oxford, came on board to help our students. Finally, is our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
比如纽约大学、耶鲁大学、加州大学伯克利分校、牛津大学，来帮助我们的学生。最后，是我们对于同伴学习的信念。
We use this sound pedagogical model to encourage our students from all over the world to interact and study together,
我们使用这个可靠的教学模式来鼓励我们来自世界各地的学生一起互动并共同学习，
and also to reduce the time our professors need to labor over class assignments.
这同时也缩短了教授们需要花在课堂作业上的时间。
If the Internet has made us a global village, this model can develop its future leadership. Look how we do it.
如果说互联网把我们变成了一个地球村，这一模式能培养其未来的领导力量，看看我们如何做到这一点。
We only offer two programs: business administration and computer science, the two programs most in demand worldwide,
我们只提供了两个项目：商业管理和计算机科学，这两个项目是世界上需求最广的，
the two programs that are likeliest to help our students find a job.
这两个项目最有可能帮助我们的学生找到工作。
When our students are accepted, they are placed in a small classroom of 20 to 30 students,
当我们的学生被录取后，他们被安排到由20至30人组成的小班
to ensure that those who need personalized attention get it.
来保证那些有个性化需求的学生可以得到相应的关注。
Moreover, for every nine-week course, they meet a new peer, a whole new set of students from all over the world.
此外，每九周的课程他们会认识一个新的同伴，一组来自世界各地的全新的同学。
Every week, when they go into the classroom, they find the lecture notes of the week, the reading assignment,
每周，当他们进入课堂，他们会找到本周的课程笔记、阅读任务、
the homework assignment, and the discussion question, which is the core of our studies.
课外作业，以及讨论问题——这是我们学习的核心。
Every week, every student must contribute to the class discussion, and also must comment on the contribution of others.
每周，每位学生都必须为课堂讨论做出贡献，同时也必须对其它人的贡献做出评论。
This way, we open our students'minds, we develop a positive shift in attitude toward different cultures.
通过这样的方法，我们开阔了学生的思维，我们发展了一种正面积极的态度来对待不同的文化。
By the end of each week, the students take a quiz, hand in their homework,
每周结束的时候，学生们参加一个测验，提交他们的课外作业，
which are assessed by their peers under the supervision of the instructors, get a grade, move to the next week.
作业会在教师的监督下由同学互相评估，得到成绩，然后继续下一周的学习。
By the end of the course, they take the final exam, get a grade, and follow to the next course.
在课程的末尾，他们参加期末考试，得到成绩，然后开始下一个课程。
We open the gates for higher education for every qualified student.
我们为每一个合格的学生打开了高等教育的大门。
Every student with a high school diploma, sufficient English and Internet connection can study with us.
每个学生，只要有高中文凭、足够的英语能力和互联网连接，就可以和我们一起学习。
We don't use audio, we don't use video. Broadband is not necessary.
我们不使用音频和视频。宽带网络不是必须的。
Any student from any part of the world with any Internet connection can study with us.
来自世界任何一个地方的任何一个学生，只要能连接到互联网，就可以和我们一起学习。
We are tuition free. All we ask our students to cover is the cost of their exams, 100 dollars per exam.
我们没有学费，我们的学生只需要负担考试的成本，每门考试100美元。
A full-time bachelor's degree student taking 40 courses will pay 1,000 dollars a year, 4,000 dollars for the entire degree.
一个全日制本科学位的学生选修40门课，每年将支付1000美元，整个学位需要4000美元。
And for those who cannot afford even this, we offer them a variety of scholarships.
对于连这些也无法负担的学生，我们提供了各种类型的奖学金。
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind for financial reasons.
没有人会因为经济上的原因而被抛下，这是我们的使命。
With 5,000 students in 2016, this model is financially sustainable.
到2016年，随着5000名学生，这一模式在经济上是可持续的。
Five years ago, it was a vision. Today, it is a reality.
五年前这还是一个畅想，而今它成为了现实。
Last month, we got the ultimate academic endorsement to our model. University of the People is now fully accredited.
上个月，我们的模式最终得到了学术界的认可。人民大学现在已完全通过认证。
With this accreditation, it's our time now to scale up. We have demonstrated that our model works.
有了这一认证，现在到了我们扩张的时候。我们已经展示了我们的模式是可行的。
I invite universities and, even more important, developing countries'governments to replicate this model
我邀请大学，更重要的是发展中国家的政府来复制这一模式，
to ensure that the gates of higher education will open widely.
来保证高等教育的大门将一直敞开。
A new era is coming, an era that will witness the disruption of the higher education model as we know it today,
一个新的时代来临了，这个时代将会见证我们今天所知的高等教育模式的瓦解，
from being a privilege for the few to becoming a basic right, affordable and accessible for all. Thank you.
从一种少数人的特权变为一种基本权力，所有人都可以承担，都可以获得。谢谢。
查找、收集、整理不易
支持墨墨请点这里
↓↓↓
#留下你的名字，让我知道你是谁#
▼往期推荐▼
你好
我是@墨安
在北方努力生活的南方姑娘
很高兴在这里认识你
希望今后的日子，有你陪伴。
本文仅供分享，一切版权归TED所有。
“在看”的你正在变好看↓↓↓